Beginners Guide to Using an IDE Versus a Text Editor

The best tool for Java programmers as they begin writing their first programs is a debatable topic. Their goal has to be learning the basics of the Java language. Its also important that the programming should be fun. Fun for me is writing and running programs with the least amount of hassle. The question then becomes not so much how to learn Java as where. The programs have to be written somewhere and choosing between using a type of text editor or an integrated development environment can determine just how much fun programming can be. What Is a Text Editor? There isnt a way to spruce up what a text editor does. It creates and edits files that contain nothing more than plain text. Some wont even offer you a range of fonts or formatting options. Using a text editor is the most simplistic way to write Java programs. Once the Java code is written it can be compiled and run by using command-line tools in a terminal window. Example Text Editors: Notepad (Windows), TextEdit (Mac OS X), GEdit (Ubuntu) What Is a Programming Text Editor? There are text editors that are made specifically for writing programming languages. Were calling them programming text editors to highlight the difference, but they are generally known simply as text editors. They still only deal with plain text files but they also have some handy features for programmers: Syntax Highlighting: Colors are assigned to highlight different parts of a Java program. It makes code easier to read and debug. For example, you could set up syntax highlighting so that Java keywords are blue, comments are green, string literals are orange, and so on.Automatic Editing: Java programmers format their programs so that blocks of code are indented together. This indentation can be done automatically by the editor.Compilation and Execution Commands: To save the programmer having to switch from the text editor to a terminal window these editors have the ability to compile and execute Java programs. Therefore, debugging can be done all in one place. Example Programming Text Editors: TextPad (Windows), JEdit (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu) What Is an IDE? IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. They are powerful tools for programmers that offer all the features of a programming text editor and much more. The idea behind an IDE is to encompass everything a Java programmer could want to do in one application. Theoretically, it should allow them to develop Java programs faster. There are so many features an IDE can contain that the following list contains only a selected few. It should highlight how useful they can be to programmers: Automatic Code Completion: Whilst typing in Java code the IDE can help by showing a list of possible options. For example, when using a String object a programmer might want to use one of its methods. As they type, a list of methods they can choose from will appear in a popup menu.Access Databases: To help connect Java applications to databases IDEs can access different databases and query data contained within them.GUI Builder: Graphical user interfaces can be created by dragging and dropping Swing components onto a canvas. The IDE automatically writes the Java code that creates the GUI.Optimization: As Java applications become more complex, speed and efficiency become more important. Profilers built into the IDE can highlight areas where the Java code could be improved.Version Control: Previous versions of source code files can be kept. Its a useful feature because a working version of a Java class can be stored. If in the future it is modified, a new version can be created. If the modifications cause problems the file can be rolled back to the previous working version. Example IDEs: Eclipse (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu), NetBeans (Windows, Mac OS X, Ubuntu) What Should Beginner Java Programmers Use? For a beginner to learn the Java language they dont need all the tools contained within an IDE. In fact, having to learn a complex piece of software can be as daunting as learning a new programming language. At the same time, its not much fun to continually switch between a text editor and a terminal window in order to compile and run Java programs. Our best advice tends to favor using NetBeans under the strict instructions that beginners ignore almost all of its functionality at the beginning. Focus purely on how to create a new project and how to run a Java program. The rest of the functionality will become clear when its needed.

President Andrew Jackson A War Hero - 1409 Words

There have been many arguments made about President Andrew Jackson. A war hero, standing tall and strong, he tried to represented the idea of reform in government and in the American ways. Jackson is often credited to be one of the United States’ greatest presidents, but there are many powerful reasons for doubting that claim. From the beginning, in 1824, Jackson has tried to do what is best for our nation, but evidence like the spoils system, Trail of Tears, and the Bank veto, has shown that in fact most of what he accomplished is now looked on as only causing problems for the Untied States as a whole. With the presidency of Jackson came the spoils system, which in theory is rewarding political supporters with public office. While this basic idea is â€Å" as old as politics,† (The American Pageant p.271) it is Jackson that extended the system to involve more of the common person. In theory, this would re-enforce loyalties as well as making it possible for politics to become a full-time career. Instead it made government positions more about the spoils than the responsibilities. The seventh president created the idea of â€Å"rotation in office.† Jackson was trying to make â€Å"clean sweeps† in the government, cleaning out the ex-president Adams and his â€Å"dishonest† supporters like Clay. In the end, he only dismissed one-fifth of the old corrupt government leaving nine thousand out of the original eleven thousand in office. His system not only didn’t succeed in cleaning the governmentShow MoreRelatedEssay about Andrew Jackson765 Words   |  4 Pages Andrew Jackson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Jackson was born in the Waxhaws near the border of North and South Carolina, on March 15, 1767. When Andrew Jackson was born, no one probably guessed that he would be the seventh president of the United States of America. 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Research Credibility And Research Ethical Issues Education Essay Free Essays

string(77) " house and off the shelf merchandises and solutions to different challenges\." This chapter is about research method that we have applied for this thesis and the grounds that why we have choose this method in our research. In this subdivision, this survey ‘s research method is started with Research scheme, research types, informations aggregation techniques which we have followed. Furthermore, we will speak about research credibleness and research ethical issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Credibility And Research Ethical Issues Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students and research workers have to happen out the best suitable manner to depict and document their proceedings, findings, thesis and thesiss depending upon the features every bit good as nature of the research. There are two chief methods to document a research: Qualitative research and Quantitative research. Before traveling into the inside informations of our preferable pick, we would wish to convey our clearer position to both footings. Quantitative research, in its simplest significances, is more appropriate when the difference in footings of measurings and sums ( more or less, bigger or smaller, frequently or rarely ) is to be studied ( Thomas R.M, 2003 ) . Seal ( 1999 ) argues that in quantitative research, research workers can utilize tabular arraies of Numberss based on standardised measuring devices which are introduced and described in the literature to sum up the measurings. Thomas ( 2003 ) defined quantitative research as followers: â€Å" Quantitative research uses Numberss and statistical methods. It tends to be based on numerical measurings of specific facets of phenomena ; it abstracts from peculiar cases to seek general description or to prove causal hypotheses ; it seeks measurings and analyses that are easy replicable by other research workers † . In the contrast, qualitative research is more concerned in the reading of events and societal behaviours ( Thomas R.M, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Cresswell ( 2007 ) qualitative research is an inquiry procedure of understanding based on distinguishable methodological traditions of enquiry that explore a societal or human job. A research worker builds a complex, holistic image, analyzes the universe, studies detailed positions of sources and conducts the survey in natural scene. Thomas ( 2003 ) defined qualitative research as followers: â€Å" Qualitative research is multi-methods in focal point, affecting and interpretative realistic attack to its capable affair. This means that qualitative research workers study things in their natural scenes, trying to do sense of, or interpret phenomena in footings of significances people bring to them. Qualitative research involves the studied usage and aggregation of a assortment of empirical stuffs – instance survey, personal experience, introspective, life narrative, interview, experimental, historical, interactive and ocular texts that describe everyday and debatable minutes and significances in people ‘s lives † . Qualitative research can be achieved through many informations aggregation methods such as observation, interviews, focal point groups and paperss and others ( Fisher et al. , 2007 ) . The nature of our research inquiry clearly indicates that we need a elaborate and deep survey about the issue. A qualitative survey is utile attack to acquire deep apprehension ( Creswell, 2007 ) and research inquiries get downing with why or how are hard to quantify, which is cause of a qualitative attack recommendation for such types of research inquiries that have an exploratory research methodological analysis ( Yin, 2003 ) . Along with the research inquiry, this research survey is aimed to intensify the apprehension of Virtual University ‘s working in Pakistan. This aspect strengthens our pick to carry on a qualitative research along with several others e.g. nature of research inquiries. Our purpose is seeking to happen an reply that what benefits are being provided by practical university i n Pakistan. Benefits ca n’t be step and taken into an sum particularly in our research survey. Some may reason that benefits can be step in currency or something else but that ‘s really rarely and in rather different scenes. Second, the chief research inquiry focuses on how does ICT supported distance instruction work in Pakistan. This inquiry ca n’t be answered in magnitudes and measurings. Aforesaid conditions set qualitative research as best option for us to follow in order to carry on this research survey and reply the research inquiries. Research Scheme Yin ( 1994 ) besides describes different intents of research: explanatory, Exploratory and descriptive. Harmonizing to Yin ( 1994 ) , a research worker can utilize a research scheme to on the footing of its attack and features. Research method is important to the acquisition of scientific values and cognition as explained by Marczyk et Al. ( 2005 ) : â€Å" Science can be defined as a methodological and systematic attack to the acquisition of new cognition † . Supplemented by ( Bryman 2001, confirm it with the mention manner ) explicit findings gathered through systematic attack harmonizing to the research inquiry ( s ) should be included in the every research. Our research survey has twofold intent: to understand the working of ICT supported engineerings in Pakistan and how the ICT can be used and implemented to carry through the educational demands and maximal benefits. The encephalon storming session started with the phenomenal success of Virtual University of Pakistan. Vir tual University is the first, yet one and merely, of its sort in Pakistan and have a phenomenal success ratio along with the high quality instruction. The formless and unorganised brainstorming to this research essay was started with the construct of vitamin E acquisition in Pakistan. E acquisition is widely accepted all over the universe and believed to hold its blend in instruction sector and has already formed a new moving ridge of larning system, although, the descent of distance acquisition is associated to late 1800. Virtual university in Pakistan was inaugurated in March 2002. The thought behind the development of this establishment was to utilize the antecedently established substructure ( for conventional acquisition institutes ) and provide quality instruction with a blend of handiness and flexibleness. During our pre-study and unstructured encephalon ramping stage, we came across the fact the intercrossed acquisition theoretical account is chiefly used for such sort of un dertakings. We started to research the research country by researching vitamin E acquisition in its different forms in general, different theoretical accounts for vitamin E acquisition, engineerings used for vitamin E acquisition, in house and off the shelf merchandises and solutions to different challenges. You read "Research Credibility And Research Ethical Issues Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" This later was followed by concentrating on vitamin E acquisition in Pakistan and its success during past twosome of old ages. This literature survey helped us to contract down the research subject with a well defined focal point point, define the job country to work upon and form good structured research inquiries. Pre survey along with the literature survey besides helped us to develop the theoretical foundation of our research survey. The information for research survey, including both certification provided by the university forces and in-detail interviews with forces stand foring Vir tual University of Pakistan and the pupils of Virtual University of Pakistan. Students will be selected indiscriminately and will be contacted for interviews to forestall the influence of some specific group representation. The interviews and informations gathered will be analyzed by utilizing the analysis model and will be presented in the analysis subdivision of this study. There are diverse manners of research surveies out at that place. This research essay is influenced from pragmatism and positivism with a blend of explanatory survey. Pragmatism focuses on thought and work outing jobs in a realistic manner. Oxford University imperativeness defined pragmatism as â€Å" believing about work outing jobs in a practical and reasonable manner instead than by holding fixed thoughts and theories † [ mention ] where as Cambridge online dictionary defines it as â€Å" when you deal with a job in a realistic manner instead than obeying theories and fixed regulations † . Positivism in its significances defined by Oxford University Press is â€Å" a system of doctrine based on things that can be seen or approved, instead than on thoughts † . Our research survey is explanatory in nature as explanatory research survey is used to intensify the cognition of the object field and to seek the comprehension. Positivism and pragmatism are clearly defi ned in the academic literature and possibly hold really good formed boundaries in the literature but when it is the instance to implement them in pattern, they sometimes overlap. However we are non claiming that our research have purely followed any of these, since they are wide constructs in scientific debate, but saying our research survey has sunglassess of these comprehensive constructs. Our research survey is explanatory and we think it ‘s instead of import to advert what type of cognition is sought and aimed for given that there are several types and classifications and unmeasurable cognition bing in a assortment of formats out at that place, and the replies every bit good as analysis might hold different intensions depending upon the sort of cognition is aimed for. Sociology section at Ohio province university has categorized the intent of research as followers: Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory. The intent of explorative research surrounds the finds in the focussed subject and unveils the facts about it. It besides helps in the preparation of inquiries, set waies and provides the feasibleness of future surveies. Specific inside informations of the state of affairs are studied in Descriptive Research with a well formed and focused research inquiry. Whereas, Explanatory research focuses on the ground behind the state of affairs being or have been occur red. Explanatory research usually uses theory and much of the research being published in diary presents is explanatory [ Ohio State University ] . While composing a research essay, along with other deliberations, it was taken attention at a great extent to supply the fullness cognition of the topic to the reader. A reader of an academic research essay can be a cognition searcher, a pupil, an industry professional and a research bookman. A reader should besides be able to happen out the connectivity and the ruddy yarn throughout the research survey. Whereas the research survey should, in itself, be able to exhibit connectivity, grounds and scientific debate every bit good as the outgrowth of the research country and research job. To guarantee this, we found thematic construction good suited for our intent. Thematic construction, in linguistics, as defined by Wikipedia has three intents in it as followers: â€Å" to convey given information and new information † â€Å" capable and predicate † â€Å" Frame and penetration † The actual procedure, nevertheless, from the really get downing to stop was literary since the cognition retrieved from the literature, the pre-study stage and the information received from different beginnings was gathered, processed and analyzed in different unit of ammunitions and so was added to the research study. To guarantee the connectivity, we besides plotted the summery to each chapter at the terminal and an debut was to the chapter was besides placed at the start of each chapter. We categorized the day of the month in each chapter with part classs called as headers and sub subdivisions called as subheadings to guarantee the hierarchal construction of the study and, slightly, do it instead easier for the reader to understand. The undermentioned figure shows the stairss taken and the procedure to finish the research survey. Datas assemblage Different type can be used during a research survey to beef up the research and support findings. Date gathered during the survey besides richens the quality of research and back up the treatment and analysis ( Seals 1999 ) . During our survey, we found three basic types of informations assemblage are appropriate for to back up our debate ; Interviews, observations and certification ( Seals, 1999 ) . Different types of informations garnering techniques non merely back up the cogency of the information gathered and assist in the generalisation. Furthermore, cyberspace was besides used as secondary type to garner quality informations ( Creswell, 2007 ) but besides fortify the research to organize the triangulation in the research survey. Additionally, cyberspace was besides used as a secondary type for day of the month assemblage. Interview usher coevals An interview usher indicates the subjects and sequence of these subjects in the interview, which should be prepared before carry oning the interview ( Kvale, 1996 ) . Our interview usher ( Appendix No ) contains inquiries which we selected to maintain in position the focal point of our survey. We have unfastened inquiries to acquire maximal information from interviewees. Nodoubt replies of such inquiries hard to compare with each others ( interviewees ) , but its sure that the subject of these replies will be common ( Ostbye et Al. 2003:143 ) . Interviews Interviews were the basic component of our informations assemblage scheme as mentioned earlier. Harmonizing to Yin ( 2003 ) in information assemblage and analyzing, interviews are the basic and cardinal beginnings. Since we have adopted a qualitative attack in order to carry on our survey so the possibility to plan questionnaires was eliminated. Harmonizing to Preece et Al ( 2003 ) there are four types of interviews: Structured, Semi Structured, Unstructured and group interviews. Whereas group interviews are more a sort of treatment in which interviewer has less control over the interview activity. The remainder ; semi structured, structured and unstructured interviews provide much control to the interviews in the signifier of predefined set of inquiries. Preece et Al, ( 2003 ) besides argued about the pick of interviews types depending upon the aim and the research inquiries. Our research inquiries and aim has set us to plan semi-structured interviews since the purpose is to hold an overall apprehension of the working of ICT based distance larning in Pakistan. Harmonizing to Preece et Al, ( 2003 ) semi structured interviews are more appropriate when the purpose is to acquire a comprehension or feed back to some specific issue. Semi structured interviews are a blend of structured and unstructured interviews dwelling both unfastened and closed inquiries. In order to keep consistence, we designed interviews so that we can get down questioning in a pre-planned manner and subsequently can delve deeper into the subject and question the interviewee to acquire the really relevant information. Now we would wish to convey our reader to our designed construction of the interview. Structure of the interview In order to plan the interviews, we followed preece et Al, ( 2003 ) who outlined 5 chief Sessionss in an interview viz. ; Introduction session, warm up session, chief session, cool – off session and shutting session. Introductory session: apparent by its name, both interviewees and interviewer were officially introduced to each other and the aim of the research was explained to the interviewee. Confidentiality and other ethical issues were besides discussed and got approved during this session. Warm up session: non endangering inquiries were posed during this session to garner basic information about the interviewee and his/her duties in the organisation. E.g. for how long have you been working in this organisation? Main session: Main session consisted of the inquiries to adhere the job and was focused to reply the research inquiries. Questions in chief session were good aligned to garner the basic apprehension to the really elaborate information about the focussed subject. Cool off session: cool off Sessionss consisted of instead of import and unfastened inquiry to proceeding towards the terminal of the interview. E.g. would you like add any more item? Closing session: interviewer thanks to the interviewee and switches off the entering signaling that interviewee has ended. Not holding so much structurised interviews entertained interviewees with a less controlled environment which helped them to explicate their position and point of views in a different angle and their engagement towards the topic. This sort of interview technique besides has disadvantages as there is no clear boundary to specify what lies outside of the aim and how to command the interviewee and mold them back to the subject. Interview Selection Different informations aggregation motive has different grade of interview constructions. When selected the interview construction there are a few different types to see in order justifying that why the particular type was chosen. â€Å" At one extreme is the structured interview, where the interviewer asks the respondent a preset set of inquiries which can non be changed or restructured. An unstructured interview on the other manus, takes on an opposite attack. In such an interview the respondent is able to speak freely about the subject without any guidance or influence from the interviewer ( Teorell A ; Svensson, 2006 ) . In between these two extremes is the semi-structured interview where the preparation of the inquiries can change depending on the respondent. The interviewer merely uses an interview usher with a few subjects and issues that need to be covered ( Fisher, 2007 ) . The pick of the degree of construction should be guided by the intent of the research † ( Franzen A ; Gunes 2008 ) . We selected semi-structure interviews because we want to give the interviewee the opportunity to lend more without interrupting and restricting. Our intent to choose semi-structure interview is that the interviewee non merely answer to our inquiries, but besides can show extra point ‘s remarks which may lend to the research even further. In add-on, Franzen A ; Gunes ( 2008 ) explain: â€Å" Furthermore, semi-structured interviews will enable adaptation to each respondent and interview scene by al- mooing us to: alteration preparations of the inquiries, reorder them, and follow up with new inquiries if needed. A job with a less structured attack is the increased trouble of transporting out the analysis due to the complexness of the information gathered ( Holme A ; Solvang, 1997 ) . However, we believe the additions will be superior to this drawback. † Respondent / Interviewee Preparation and Scheduling The choice of interviewee or respondent is really of import because right information is merely acquire from relevant individual. In order to acquire information about first portion of our thesis â€Å" working of ICT based instruction † , we selected managerial staff that has complete background, history and current position of VU undertaking. For this intent foremost we get elaborate information like appellations, functions and responsibilities of all employees from all sections of VU. As this was hard undertaking but we clearly mentioned our intent of research, which prepare their head to collaborate with us. To acquire in contact with the right individuals we started by reaching the highest possible employees by electronic mail. Many phone calls and electronic mails were necessary to happen the right individual, and agree on an interview day of the month. These are all people with busy agendas and any assignment had to be done early. Since clip is money it is of import non to blow the interviewee ‘s clip. Being good prepared and holding clear inquiries will do the interview a reasonably speedy and easy procedure for all parts involved ( Kvale, S. 1996 ) . Interview is non merely manner to aggregation of informations even building of informations ( Kvale, 1996 ) . In order to hold entree of inteviewees ‘ informations for subsequently utilize a location and a recording device is necessary. The most appropriate campaigners for interviews were the proficient staff and managerial staff of VU because they can supply coveted information. Table: Structure of Interviewees Sr. # . Interviewees ‘ Name Designation A ; Department Number of Interviews Way of Interview Interview Plan / Procedures We will take up interview with a brief debut of ourselves, grounds to carry on interview and background of our research undertaking. Furthermore, we will besides acquire bio informations of our selected interviewees to understand their cognition and experience in relevant country ( Briony, 2006 ) . Bing good prepared and holding clear inquiries will do the interview a reasonably speedy and easy procedure for all parts involved ( Kvale, S. 1996 ) . Normally our interview clip will be in between 50 to 70 proceedingss to guarantee our interviewee non experience wastage of clip, and will seek to do the interviewees feel comfy and free. We will besides maintain in position all regulations and ordinances of interview like our functions, environment and inquiries type which will be asked. Our function being an interviewer good behaved and will take to normal conversation ( Ostbye et al.2003:104 ) . In our instance, we can non carry on face to confront interview which is really expensive and clip wastage for us travel to Pakistan. So, we will carry on interview by utilizing Skype and electronic mail. As we could non cognize the environment of interviewee ‘s topographic point but we will carry on interview at that day of the month and clip which will be executable for interviewees. There are different ways to carry on interview, for illustration by mail, electronic mail, telephone, VoIP, or face to face. We will prefer electronic mail and VoIP ( Skype ) . We decided that we will carry on foremost interview by electronic mail, the end product of this interview and from this interview we will develop follow-up inquiries. After first electronic mail interview analysis, we will carry on 2nd interview by Skype which give us the chance to inquire follow-up inquiries to acquire more elaborate information. Instrumentality aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . Documents Several types of paperss were collected from the forces stand foring of Virtual University of Pakistan to understand the working of the organisation. However, we do n’t claim that all facets of organisational working were got into attending e.g. fiscal affairs, policy affairs. These paperss helped us to understand the initial set up phase of VU, intents of VU undertaking, contents development, contents bringing, pupil instructor interaction, Learning Management system and many others things which we do non believe suited to add in our research. Most of these paperss were gathered electronically in digital signifier. Some of them were for public usage and can besides found on the Virtual University ‘s web site and some were confidential and the exclusive intent to present them was to hold a better apprehension. These paperss provide us valuable information which helped us to construction more appropriate interview inquiries. Use of literature We conducted a literature reappraisal to supply the rational job country and place of our research to the current literature within the subjects of involvement ( Creswell, 2007 ) . We preferred the choice of those articles about e-learning which are largely cited or referenced by other writers. Articles are primary based on scientific articles found from the Electronic Library Information Navigator ( ELIN ) and the Internet, complemented with commonly well-recognized mention literature. To seek relevant informations, we used keywords of † e-learning † , â€Å" e-learning system † , â€Å" ICT based acquisition † , † ICT based instruction † , â€Å" Virtual Education † , â€Å" Virtual University † , and † Virtual Learning † in different combinations. We besides used books which were issued from Economic School ‘s Library every bit good as used e-book. We took initial measure to research about e-learning from an e-b ook † Theory and Practice of Online Learning † . These beginnings of information were used to acquire elaborate information about e-learning basic constructs, e-learning system, e-learning theoretical accounts, larning techniques and methods used for research in this country of survey. This was done to reexamine Published literature from e-libraries, books, diaries and documents related to the proposed subject. The literature reappraisal provide context of our research and state approximately work done by others research workers antecedently in this country of survey ( Dawson, 2005 ) . Literature has been an of import portion of research survey with an purpose to roll up the beginnings of literature from both, bookmans and E larning practicians. Of class, at some certain points we had to contract down our research merely on the E acquisition in Pakistan. We collected scholarly articles and research documents to lighten up and intensify our constructs about E larning. We besides used on-line web beginnings and hunt engines ( Google, yokel ) and lexicons, wherever we found it dependable, to do us better understand different constructs and show them in the most appropriate manner to our reader. After roll uping literary stuff, while construing it we found it instead of import to hold a critical position on the beginnings every bit good as the stuff itself since some of the stuff was instead old and was showing rather different expression as compared to current times. Whereas some of the recent research articles glorifies the present tendencies. Datas Analysis Data analysis is stems the research work and is an of import portion. Data analysis has some certain stairss as argued by Miles and Huberman ( 1994 ) , informations analysis consists of informations decrease, informations show and informations Marczyk et Al ( 2005 ) â€Å" in most type of research surveies, the procedure of informations analysis involves the undermentioned three stairss: ( 1 ) fixing the information for analysis, ( 2 ) analysing the information and ( 3 ) construing the information † . In our research survey, the first measure fixing informations was performed in the signifier of literature reappraisal and the survey of paperss provided by the practical university forces which in title was a uninterrupted and iterative procedure. Research Quality It is of import to warrant that a research survey has dependability and cogency. In this subdivision, we are traveling to show that how we have worked and followed the cogency and dependability which are belong to the scientific quality research ( Creswell, 2007 ; Seale, 1999 ) . Furthermore, Bias and Ethical motives are besides discussed to back up the research quality of our thesis. Research dependability and cogency are two factors that must be considered to do the research trustworthy ( Bjorklund A ; Paulsson, 2003 ) . In our research cogency is concerned in which extent we truly measured what we set out to mensurate, and dependability is concerned that our consequences will be same if our research consequences probe by person once more with the same set of instruments. Dependability aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦by MraˆÂ ¦ WaqasaˆÂ ¦ . Cogency Kvale ( 1996 ) describes cogency is â€Å" a method investigates what it is intended to look into. † In our survey, the interview cogency are chiefly involves if we can right understand what the interviewee mean. As Kvale ( 1996 ) provinces when choose the transcript ‘s lingual manner it is besides of import to accomplish valid interlingual rendition from the unwritten to written certification. Therefore, we checked the text with our interviewee after transcribing. We send them our written text of their sentiment, if some parts of the written text they do non hold, we will pass on with them and modify the written text. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . To be addedaˆÂ ¦by MraˆÂ ¦ WaqasaˆÂ ¦ . Ethical motives Ethical behaviour helps to protect persons, communities and environments, and offers the potency to increase the amount of good in the universe ( Israel, 2006 ) . Bing responsible research workers, we have to do certain our behaviours will non harm any participants who are belonging to our research procedure during research or after the publication of concluding study. So to do certain good moralss in the research, we informed interviewees by electronic mail and by telephone ( Appendix No ) about issues including the research subject, research inquiry, research range, informations confidentiality, privateness, personal individuality, research result and the questionnaires ( Appendix No ) before interview. It has besides been indicated to Interviewees that what may go on to the informations, including its possible usage in any studies or publications because this survey might be used by the other people subsequently. So, we managed this research in this manner that there should non be any harm to interviewees and their institute. To maintain in position Privacy, namelessness and confidentiality factors ; interviewees have been informed that they can retreat from the interview without stipulating any ground ( Singer A ; Vinson, 2002 ) . For better apprehension, the canned interview informations will direct back to interviewees to verify that everything harmonizing to interviewees ‘ words of oral cavity and non any alteration has made in their replies. In add-on, interviewee knows the intent of utilizing the information and where it will be used. Therefore, the empirical informations used in this survey should non harm any interviewee ( Israel A ; Hay, 2006 ) . Informed consent, confidentiality, and the function of the research worker are the ethical guidelines ( Kvale, 1996 ) , so we make certain that our interviewees will non hold any job to understand our research subjects and information which we want to acquire from them, for illustration, our intent of research, nature of research, who is the research worker, how long is the interview will take, how we will utilize their informations and how to circulating the research findings ( Briony 2006 ) . Furthermore, the interviewees have been requested kindly for their cooperation and non oblige them for participate in our research Bias To guarantee high quality research survey, research worker should believe over the prejudice. A research worker should progress into a research with a clear and unfastened head in order to avoid any prejudice to act upon the terminal consequence ( Backman, 1998 ; Oates, 2006 ) . There is no clear definition of prejudice but it can be related to prepossession and bias ( Hammersley A ; Gomm, 1997 ) . Harmonizing to Harmmersley and Gomm ( 1997 ) , prejudice has considered a positive characteristic because prejudice reveals concealed facets of phenomena. Unbiased research non merely concentrating on our ain believes and premises, but give importance to others point of positions and experiences. We address the possible prejudice by reflecting and showing our place as research workers. â€Å" A consideration of ego as a research worker and ego in relation to the subject of research is a stipulation for get bying with prejudice. † ( Norris, 1997, pp. 3 ) . We besides be self-critical throughout the full work ( Norris, 1997 ) , we tried to hold periodical treatments among our group members and had critical analysis about the pros and cons of our theoretical model, methods and findings. We purely follow right path and follow the way which we had planed every bit good as we tried to be cognizant when, how and why we have deviated from the planned path. Our scheme leads us to come back on right path. â€Å" Naqash and Waqas can add more ideas harmonizing to your experiences † How to cite Research Credibility And Research Ethical Issues Education Essay, Essay examples

Family Guy free essay sample

Satire is the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. â€Å"Family Guy† portrays carnivalesque imagery such as those seen in â€Å"South Park† and â€Å"The Simpsons. † The author Peacocke is a fan of â€Å"Family Guy† but she says, â€Å"It’s important not to lose sight of what’s truly unfunny in real life-even as we appreciate what is hilarious in fiction (308). † Peacocke liked â€Å"Family Guy† at first when she realized that the jokes were taking things too far she started to dislike it then liked it again. She felt some people was going overboard and not looking at it to be funny. The show is based on how you look at it. Some people took offense to it and thought it had bad influence and brought negative energy. Others thought the show was funny and most jokes hit home. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Guy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The show was cancelled many times, because people were against the show and it had inappropriate and humiliating things in the show. Then it came back on the air because of the fans who loved it. Peacocke felt like â€Å"Family Guy† shouldn’t be taken so seriously and it’s not there to humiliate people, it’s just satire. Firstly, everything in life is not supposed to be intentional, something’s are funny, others are to be taking at a certain extent and some things are meant to hurt, â€Å"Family Guy† is not there to hurt anyone’s feelings, it’s just a cartoon. â€Å"Family Guy† has some scenes to whereas it’s funny and gives positive reinforcement. For example, in an episode of â€Å"Family Guy† there was a kid smuggling for someone and in rewards he had received a bunny. The character used the bunny as his stimulus in order for the kid to continue smuggling drugs for him. In this example positive reinforcement is used to increase a bad behavior. This scene wasn’t to offend anyone it was a good example of positive even though it wasn’t funny. If you don’t pay attention or watch the show, you will catch more of the negatives than positives. Secondly, there were several complaints about how â€Å"family guy† was a negative, and humiliating. So the show was cancelled and then came back on air because of the fans that loved â€Å"Family Guy. † The show was cancelled more than 2 times. But it proved to be humorous and fascinating to those who loved the show. Peacocke would say, â€Å"Lighten up a little and give the show a shot just like she did†. At first Peacocke didn’t like the show because she couldn’t see how people could laugh at such shameful things then she had forced herself to see â€Å"Family Guy† in a different way. After she started to like the show she couldn’t get enough of the Griffin family, she crafted a more positive view of â€Å"Family Guy† (Peacocke, 303). Thirdly, some parts of the show might seem offensive if taken at face value. Such as, a sexist scene in the show where a businessman says, â€Å"Female coworkers are a peculiar animal and they are very insecure about their appearance, and tell them every day how beautiful they look even if they’re homely and unkempt; or even a firm open-palm slap on the behind (302). † People were offended and felt ashamed. That’s when Peacocke disagreed with her own point and then understood Dubner point where he said, â€Å"Those who don’t often watch the program, he could easily see how the cartoon takes pleasure in controversial humor just for its own sake; but those who pay more attention and think about the creators’ intentions can see how family guy satires some aspects of American culture (303). † Peacocke looked at that as an eye opener and started to like the show again. My response to this essay is that I agreed with the author and I characterized Antonia Peacocke argument about â€Å"Family Guy† is that it was an eye opener and it was entertaining and real in some ways. She had an opposing view about the show, always try to get over things in life and see things in your own way before misjudging. Sometimes there has to be a way to look at the brighter picture rather than in a negative and an offensive way. Some dislike the show and some love the show. Peacocke proved that â€Å"Family Guy† isn’t bad at all, it’s just satire. Even the fans who loved the show got â€Å"Family Guy† back on the air, because it was funny and not there to humiliate. Some people are sensitive to what they watch. But just like Peacocke stated, â€Å"It’s important not to lose sight of what’s truly unfunny in real life-even as we appreciate what is hilarious in fiction (308). † Everyone will see the show in different ways, it’s your own perspective. Take it how the show comes off to be.

Fashion of Lebanon

Introduction In the contemporary world, fashion and design has become a major aspect of global culture. Particularly, fashion has flourished in many parts of the world. This reflects change in terms of perspectives and perceptions that fashion in the previous decades elicited. Of particular interest is fashion industry in Middle East and other parts of Asia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion of Lebanon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite different convictions, views and culture, fashion in Middle East has thrived amid strong religious practices and resistance. This essay explores fashion industry of Lebanon. The paper will highlight some of the major fashion designers in the country and draw conclusions on whether or not Lebanese fashion has flourished. Besides, the conclusion of the paper will make a comparison between fashion industry in Lebanon and Dubai. This will not only provide a glimpse of Leba nese fashion but also enhance our knowledge on the intrinsic aspects of the country that makes its fashion industry irresistible to the rest of the world. Lebanon Fashion Designers Lebanon is renowned for exemplar fashion designers. Elie Saab is an iconic fashion designer with design shops located in Beirut and other parts of the world. Born in 1964, Saab showed keen interest in fashion and began sewing at a tender age of nine years. In 1981, Saab attended fashion and design training in Paris and gained knowledge and style that were critical for his career (Carnegy 79). He returned to Beirut where he opened a fashion and design workshop. At the age of 18, Elie Saab had already launched his label and was able to start a designer shop. His initial fashion designs included wedding gowns and dresses. He used unique fabrics to exhibit designs that represented a shift from conventional Lebanese culture to a more liberal and global-accepted culture. Despite his early ambitions, his work ga ined global acceptance in 1997 when he became a member of Camera Nazionale della Moda (McKelvey and Munslow 31). Consequently, he was able to ensure that his collections typify numerous fashion shows across the world. It is important to note that Elie Saab is a major fashion designer who has been able to integrate eastern and western cultures. Use of such materials such as taffeta and satin has allowed the designer to come up with light gowns and wedding dresses. This in turn has led to recognition of his designs globally. His most memorable moment was in 2002.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Saab made history when he became the first designer not only in Lebanon but also in the entire Middle East to dress an Oscar winner (McKelvey and Munslow 301). Particularly, Saab dressed Halle Berry making his designs an instant success then and in the following years. Consequently, he becam e a member of Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture in Paris (Carnegy 129). Fig 1: Some of Saab’s Elegant Designs To that end, Saab’s designs and fashion collections have become popular across the world. This in turn has allowed him to become one of the most recognized fashion designers having dressed over a hundred celebrities at the end of 2010. His business has also expanded across the region and the entire world. Particularly, he has opened over sixty outlets across the world. To diversify his collection, Saab launched his maiden perfume known as ‘Le Parfum’ in 2012. The fragrance became an instant seller. According to McKelvey and Munslow, the perfume became the best seller in over fifteen countries across the world (162). It is imperative to restate that Elie Saab is a global and impressive fashion designer. Among the celebrities he has dressed are Beyonce, Katy Perry, Christina Aguilera and Rihanna. Another renowned Lebanese fashion designer is Zuh air Murad. Unlike Saab, Murad is relatively younger having been born in 1971. He studied fashion in Paris where he achieved a degree in fashion and design. Upon his return to Lebanon, Murad opened his first shop in Beirut. He made his debut in fashion when he appeared on catwalks of Italy. His designs captured attention of many designers and became a characteristic of fashion shows in Italy. Murad has been able to sustain his collection to the satisfaction of a myriad of clients. Mainly, he specializes in ready to wear clothes, eyewear and other accessories that are pertinent to the fashion industry (Hywel 28).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion of Lebanon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although his fashion line grew in a modest rate, he has diversified his line to include lingerie and perfumes. In 2008, he opened two boutiques outside Lebanon. Like Saab, one of the shops is in Milan while the other one i s located in Paris (Carnegy 67). He also has many showrooms that target fashion events such as New York Fashion Week. Fig 2: Miley Cyrus wearing one of Murad’s Designs It would be unwise not to mention major highlights of Murad’s fashion and design career. Due to his ability of fusing Western and Eastern cultures, Murad has become one of the most sought after designers by many celebrities. Particularly, he has dressed many celebrities and royalties including Christina Aguilera, Blake Lively, Miley Cyrus among many others (Hywel 70). However, his eureka moment was in 2011 when Kerry Washington wore one of his collections during Emmy Awards. It is also important to mention that princess of Saudi Arabia wore one of his collections during the royal wedding between Prince William and Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge, in the same year. The most important aspect of Murad’s collection is elegance and expensive fabric. Besides, his designs incorporate different cult ures ensuring that clients come from all over the world. As such, Murad has made a fortune in dressing actors of popular TV shows and programs. They include The X Factor, Twilight Saga and most recently, Savages. In addition, his line of fashion has been able to address numerous needs of the clients across the world. In fact, Murad’s fashion line has created a unique style in Lebanon making him one of the most terrific fashion designers. Globally, Murad has elicited recognition and appreciation. In Hollywood, his fashion collection has attracted many customers and celebrities. According to various fashion designers, Murad’s fashion collection has become a household name similar to that of Armani and D G (Hywel 172).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He has had the privilege of appearing in many fashion-related magazines and shows including Joan Rivers’ fashion magazine show, The Fashion Police. To that end, it is important to assert that Murad has been instrumental in popularizing Lebanese fashion across the world. Reasons why Fashion in Lebanon has Flourished Lebanon’s fashion industry has flourished in the recent past owing to various factors. At the outset, Lebanon’s geopolitical position and culture are important factors that have made the fashion industry to thrive amid growing competition across the world. The rationale is that Lebanon’s location has led to the spread of Arabic and European influences in the fashion industry. As such, most fashion designs take into consideration both influences and cultures leading to a high demand for the collections. In fact, many designers describe Lebanon as the ‘Switzerland of the Middle East’ (McKelvey and Munslow 228). This fact has led to d ifferentiation and distinctiveness of Lebanese fashion from other countries across the region. In turn, Lebanese fashion has a unique style that does not reflect either Arabic or European designs. Lebanon’s fashion industry therefore integrates various cultures to make elegant and liberal clothes that are unique in the entire region. It is important to mention that Lebanon’s fashion industry has also been instrumental in maintaining historical elements of Lebanese culture. According to many designers, fashion culture of Lebanon is unique from many others. Particularly, Beirut is regarded as ‘Paris of the Orient’ in the sense that the fashion industry in the city reflects that of Paris (Hywel 30). Historians point out that the culture of the country was an important factor that has led to the massive explosion of fashion and design industry in the country. The reason is that weaving of elegant carpets, fabrics and artwork are cultural practices that the pop ulation has maintained for long (Hywel 82). To that end, culture and geopolitical positioning of Lebanon have supported growth and expansion of fashion industry within the country. Second, it is important to highlight that political instability of the country has increased the diversity of the fashion industry. Prior to the civil war, Beirut was a major fashion destination of the world. Carnegy says that the escalation of war and violence facilitated the migration of many young Lebanese to Western countries (213). In these countries, many fashion designers from the country gained training and knowledge that is important in fashion industry. For instance, Zuhair Murad fled the country amid the civil war to acquire basic and international training on fashion. Since the political instability within the country has reduced tremendously, many fashion designers who received training in European nations and America have returned to Lebanon. To that end, the designs and collections that hav e emerged in the country traverse Lebanese jurisdiction to become global brands. It is essential to emphasize that many designers who gained training outside Lebanon have been in a position to launch collections that are liberal and are generally acceptable across the world. This is contrary to fashion industries of other countries within the region that have been relatively conservative (Hywel 45). Further, government of Lebanon has appreciated and recognized the importance of fashion and design industry. The authorities have lured many young people to join fashion colleges in order to expand the small fashion industry. According to many fashion designers, Lebanon is the only country within Middle East that has enacted laws and regulation that sponsor fashion industry (Carnegy 111). Ranging from tax subsidies and export incentives, the country has protected the local fashion industry from high-end competitors. In fact, the state of Lebanon has been able to increase the number of ed ucation institutions that nurture fashion talents from a meager three to sixty seven between 2000 and 2011 (McKelvey and Munslow 221). This has acted as a major motivation for many young and talented fashion designers leading to a major explosion of young designers. In addition to protecting local fashion industry, the state has also ensured that public awareness has increased in order to create local market for fashion collections. To that end, many citizens appreciate the important role that the industry plays in the general economy of the country. McKelvey and Munslow point out that the rise of globally recognized Lebanese fashion designers has inspired numerous upcoming fashion designers in the country (93). Such renowned designers as Rana Sam, Zuhair Murad, Johnny Farah, Mr Kayrouz, Karen Cherkerdjian and Elie Saab have opened many fashion avenues that young designers can explore. Besides, the availability of quality fabrics and garments in the country has allowed designers to provide quality and elegant dresses and clothes that are competitive in the global fashion industry. As such, availability of raw materials such as satin and silk coupled with expertise and skills have enhanced the fashion industry in the country. As many people point out, it is important to mention that the liberal nature of Lebanese culture has made it distinct from other countries in the region. This is not only in terms of global recognition but also in terms of diluting stringent laws that guide regional culture.  Despite the rise of Lebanon’s fashion industry, it is important to pinpoint various challenges that have come along with the growth. Insecurity and political instability within the region have been major hiccups for the industry in the sense that the country has failed to attract and organize major fashion events. The rationale is that insecurity is not only a pertinent issue to the government of Lebanon but also an important aspect in Middle East. As such, r egional peace remains a major challenge for the growing Lebanese fashion industry. Moreover, political instability has also led to the emergence of extremist groups that perceive fashion industry as an aspect of Western culture. Such groups as Hezbollah have minimized chances of the industry to thrive amidst global competition. Due to the challenges, it is essential to mention that Lebanon’s fashion events have not received similar audience when compared to respective events in Europe and the United States. In addition, lack of sufficient financial resources and institutions are attributable to unpopularity of fashion designers. Ignorance about fashion and design is therefore overwhelming in a substantial proportion of the citizenry. Nonetheless, Lebanon’s fashion industry is the largest and most elegant in the Middle East. Many fashion designers concur with the assertion that Lebanese fashion will continue to typify major fashion events across the world. Fashion of Le banese Lebanon boasts of diversity in fashion, design, beauty and culture. This is notwithstanding adversity that has rocked the country in recent years. Fashion in particular is a major tourist attraction owing to its elegance and its association with global celebrities and royalties. In fact, many designers argue that Lebanon is home to the most diverse and liberal fashion collections. The country’s is also renowned for its finesse in the fashion industry. This does not only allow the country to attract customers across the region but also around the world (Hywel 45). Creativity is also a major component of the fashion collections in the country. In May this year, the country hosted an annual fashion festival known as Cannes Film Festival. The event was not only an opportunity for myriad of designers to display their collections but also an avenue through which the international community can appreciate the elegance and creativity of Lebanese designs. In addition, such even ts have attracted major fashion icons from all over the world. As such, it is imperative to mention that Lebanese fashion has grown in an unprecedented way and has gained recognition from other countries. Availability of special and unique skills and styles of making garments has also allowed the country to design excellent designs (Hywel 58). It is important to mention that major fashion designers in the country attract a specific clientele particularly, the affluent and wealthy members of global society. Therefore, Lebanese fashion has been associated with quality, creativity, elegance and high cost. Why is Lebanon Fashion Designers Famous in the World? Undoubtedly, Lebanese fashion designers have captured the attention of the world in the past few decades. At the outset, Lebanese designers have been able to adopt a culturally relative approach when designing, displaying and marketing their collections. The rationale is that many Arabic countries view fashion shows and designs fro m the perspective that they represent Western culture. However, the Lebanese designers make clothes and dresses that reflect unique cultures for specific clients. According to various fashion designers, culture is a strong factor that is closely associated with success or failure of finished designs. As such, Lebanese designers take into consideration the impact of cultural ethnocentrism and relativism during the process of making outfits. Second, Lebanon fashion designers are famous for the type of clients they target. Particularly, such designers as Zuhair Murad and Elie Saab have dressed global icons like Beyonce, Christina Aguilera, Halle Berry and Blake Lively among many other celebrities. Consequently, fans of the celebrities associate Lebanese fashion with elegance and style. This has not only made the fashion industry in the country to flourish but also made the designers to acquire high standing in the fashion industry. Additionally, Lebanese fashion has integrated quality and creativity to produce some of the most outstanding dresses and outfits. The quality of Lebanese silk and taffeta is unique across the world making the designers to be identified with the attributes of the country’s quality fabric (Carnegy 79). Finally, it is imperative to underscore the fact that the process of globalization has enabled the designers to traverse many countries and continents. As such, they have gained insights on the fashion needs of different societies across the world. The above-mentioned facts have therefore made designers from Lebanon to be popular and famous all over the world. Conclusion In essence, Lebanon’s fashion industry has grown tremendously over the past decades. This is evident by the number of designers that have emerged from the country. Zuhair Murad and Elie Saab are among the most renowned designers from the country. Their designs have been displayed in numerous fashion events across the world. Various reasons have led to the pop ularity and expansion of Lebanese fashion industry. They include high quality designs, availability of fabric, government incentives, famous fashion designers as well as creativity. As such, Lebanese fashion designers have dressed celebrities and royalties. While it is true that Dubai has a strong and upcoming fashion industry, Lebanon has already made its presence in the global market already. Nonetheless, the political challenges apparent in Lebanon do not affect Dubai. As such, Dubai might overtake Lebanon as the most renowned fashion destination in Asia. Works Cited Carnegy, Vicky. Fashions of a Decade, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press, 2006. Print. Hywel, Davies. 100 New Fashion Designers, New York: McGraw Hill Publishers, 2008. Print. McKelvey, Kathryn and Munslow, Janine. Fashion Design: Process, Innovation and Practice, Boston: Sage Publishers, 2011. Print. This essay on Fashion of Lebanon was written and submitted by user Kathleen V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Four Competing Sociological Theories Essays - Sociology

The Four Competing Sociological Theories Essays - Sociology The Four Competing Sociological Theories Name Course The Four Competing Sociological Theories Resources in the world have been distributed unequally. There are some people who get more resources than others, yet everyone needs resources for their daily activities. In explaining this social scholars and sociologist have come up with different four competing for sociological theories that try to explain why there is so much resource inequality in the world. The following is an essay that will compare and contrast the strength and weakness of the following theories; market-oriented, dependency theory, world systems theory, and states centered theory. The essay will conclude by giving a choosing and justifying which theory bests explains this phenomenon According to market-oriented theory, an organization will work to meet the needs of their customers. The strategies and the products developed by an organization will focus on this desire for customer satisfaction. The major strength or this theory is that it pleases and holds the customers to being loyal towards the organization. Also, when an organization uses this theory, it will be able to respond to the demand for the consumer need. The theory allows an organization to streamline its needs to suit the customers. The weaknesses of this theory are that for an organization to effectively implement it will require a lot of capital investment and marketing research which might not favor SMEs. An increase in customer value will call for an increase in the cost of production which will reduce the profits made by an organization. This has empowered developed nations and undermined the capability of developing nat ions thus the global inequality (Menzies, 2015). State-centered theory, on the other hand, is a theory that focuses on the role of a government in civil society and community development. It is a political theory that expects the government to develop policies that will f oster development in its states (Menzies, 2015). Though this theory emerged as a response to Marxists the theory manages to explain how government can influence society. The way a government distributes resources will account for the global inequality at large. The advantage of this theory is that the governments oversee resources, and the disadvantage of this approach is that it gives the society a little role in resource distribution. The government will be accountable for how resources ar e distributed in their locality (Ritzer , 2014 ). The third theory is the world systems theory which argues that the world economy is an economic block where some nations are exploited on the behalf of others. The theory initially developed by Wallerstein developed a global map explaining how some nations are the cores and dominant economic units, the peripheral and the semi-peripheral nations. The weakness of this theory is that it does not account for the dynamic state of world economy and the issue of globalization. The strength of this theory is that it acts as a guideline towards global economic development. The theory is an interdependence theory explaining how depe ndency is not a one-way process (Menzies, 2015). The final theory and the most relevant theory in explaining global inequality are the dependant theory. This theory explains how resources from developing nations flow into developed nations. The developed nations in the Far East, Europe, and America are exploiting the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America for resources. The strengths that are associated with this theory are that the theory analyzes the inequality gap that is there between poor nations and developed nations and seeks for the best way to bridge the gap. The other strength of this theory is that it breaks the political barrier between nations in explaining global inequality. The weakness of this theory is that it does not look at the internal challenges a nation might be going through in development process (Menzies, 2015). References Menzies, K. (2015). Sociological Theory in Use . Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Ritzer, G. (2014). Sociological theory . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

The Broadway Cafe Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Broadway Cafe - Research Paper Example The internet and other technologies help to communicate with people and assist in trade interactively with tailored system which fit with the specific business. As a result, organizations can raise cooperation of people and increase better integration of business procedures throughout the industry and with the business associates (Sachenko, 2012). Impact of Using Enterprise Architectures and Networks, Telecommunications, and Wireless Computing Enterprise Mobility Today, technology provides solutions to all mobility requirements in small businesses. Hence, Broadway Cafe can greatly benefit from using wireless fidelity. There are three kinds of wireless fidelity which can be used in Broadway Cafe which are Wi-Fi connectivity, global positioning system, Bluetooth, Internet and mobile devices. These devices can increase the enterprise mobility which can help the organization to perform rapidly and successfully through improving the communication and cooperation. Having wireless fidelity will provide the competitive advantage by accessing vital information at right time and at right place (Advanced Managed Solutions, n.d.). Information Technology (IT) Role in Supply Chain Management (SCM) Through applying IT, Broadway Cafe can acquire the capability to enhance association with all parties in supply chain. As a result, Broadway Cafe will never face any kind of shortages of resources or surplus of resources and customers’ expectations can be fulfilled in appropriate way. Database Management System (DBMS) in Broadway Cafe The foremost step for developing the business system of Broadway Cafe from traditional to modern is installing a better DBMS. For Broadway Cafe, implementing DBMS will assist in managing information about customers, employees and suppliers better than traditional notepad system. Apart from that, DBMS has safety measures which can ensure reliability of information and authorized access of information. The major advantages that Broadway Cafe can get by using DBMS are well-organized data retrieval system, standard data demonstration and high level of accuracy. The major challenges of applying DBMS system are: Inflexible system Highly expensive Requires expensive hardware and software to support High level of security and integrity can degrade the response and throughput time Any kinds of disruption in the system can harm the flow of operation (Dhunna & Dixit, 2010). Strategies for Using Strategic Enterprise System in Broadway Cafe Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Broadway Cafe Using CRM is the other way to increase the operational efficiency of Broadway Cafe which is significant to survive in 21st century business environment. For Broadway Cafe, the CRM will not only provide the advantages of better customer support, but also help in securing the benefits of updated business procedures. Through keeping all business information (such as customers’ registers, transaction histories and marketing statistics) in a collective virtual system by CRM, Broadway Cafe can gain access to acute information on right time. CRM can provide the advantages of integrating the sales data and information about customers into an effective system in order to manage all aspects of customer interface. Therefore, Broadway cafe can achieve thorough understanding about particular preferences of customers, and as a result can provide efficient services

Information Handling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Handling - Essay Example The source where accuracy posed the greatest problem was the marketing database.So I think usefulness informations need have accuracy and reliability, accuracy and reliability determine the quality of information."Information that is timely is available when it is needed for managerial action, not after the decision has been made" (Gareth, 2000,P614) In today's speedily changing world and technology 's developing, lead to information changing frequently. Real-time Information is reflecting current conditions. (Gareth, 2000,P614) For example, productions' price changing frequently in marketing because manager wants to make profit in competition's marketing. So manager should be pay attention to information's changing. Catch Real-time information is very importance. Look at timeliness in accounting"Timeliness: accounting information should be made available to external decision-makers before it loses its capacity to influence decisions." (Dyckman, 1992, P44) Like the news of the world, old financial information never carries the same impact fresh information carries. Otherwise lack of timeliness reduces relevance."Information that is complete gives managers all the information they need to exercise control, achieve coordination, or make an effective decision." (Gareth, 2000,P615) information's completive will provided good help to manager to decision. When you set up a new business, look at complete information is importance. Such as, how is this productions sold, how long can make profit.

Describe the purpose of assessment in Adult nursing Essay

Describe the purpose of assessment in Adult nursing - Essay Example Emotional and social factors on the other hand include occupation, responsibilities, family ties, attitude towards health care, emotional tone and mood (Dougherty & Lister, 2011). Nursing assessment is essential as it is the foundation of an effective nursing care plan. A comprehensive nursing assessment is conducted by a registered nurse and it can be defined as extensive and ongoing collection of data for families, individuals and communities at large. This ongoing data collection is a method of addressing emergent and anticipated changes in the health of an individual in comparison to the previous condition. Older people need continuing health care because of their interrelated health care problems. Nursing assessment for the adults is done to ensure that they get the appropriate timely and effective response to their health problems and needs (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). There is another type of nursing assessment known as the focused nursing. According to the national council of states boards of nursing (2011), this is an appraisal of the health status of an individual making a contribution to comprehensive assessment to support the ongoing data collection. Focused assessment also helps the nurses to make a decision of who needs to be given the information and when it is appropriate to do so. Focused assessment is specific on patients in emergency. Assessment is usually the first step in the nursing process thus it is the basis for a good health care plan (Schaller-Ayers & Fuller, 2000). The crucial details for making accurate assessments are to view all patients holistically in order to identify their needs. Assessment is not just a mere collection of data but involves the critical thinking of nurses to validate and synthesize the information to make informed judgements of the life process of individuals (Standing, 2010). It is about understanding and describing

Global Warming: Technical Solutions

Global Warming: Technical Solutions Evaluate the Technological Solutions Available to Ameliorate Global Warming Introduction Global warming has been proven to be the direct result of anthropogenic causes or man-made interventions with nature. Starting with the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th Century, technologies have been developed that resulted in the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which trap the sun’s radiant energy. This enhanced greenhouse effect gradually raises the earth’s surface temperatures and is projected to create irregular environmental conditions, namely: the melting of polar ice caps, rising of sea level, profound agricultural changes resulting from climate change, extinction of species, abnormal weather conditions, increased incidence of tropical diseases, disappearance of ecological niches and disruption of drinking water supply, (Global Warming, 2004). Since global warming offers a great potential to create catastrophic effects on the environment as a whole, it becomes a global issue, requiring the involvement of the whole international community in finding ways to ameliorate its adverse effects, (Baird, 2006). Global greenhouse gas emissions that are causing global warming come from different sectors. Figure I below shows the global greenhouse gas emissions by sector data: Land use change and forestry contribute the highest greenhouse gas emission rate (19%); followed by electricity (16%); agriculture (14%); transport (13%); other fuel combustion (11%); manufacturing and construction (10%); waste (4%); and industrial (3%) and combined heat and power (3%). The Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated, p. 1) asserts that â€Å"because there are so many sources of these gases, there are also many options for reducing emission.† This paper evaluates the available technological solutions to ameliorate global warming by presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each option. Moreover, such solutions will be presented on a sectoral basis, starting with land use, forestry and agriculture; followed by electricity, and finally by the transportation sector. Land Use, Forestry and Agriculture Sector Technology Land use and forestry technology includes carbon accounting, sequestration, and biofuel production. 1. Carbon Accounting and Sequestration According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or IPCC (2000), carbon stock enhancement from land use, land –use change and forestry activities are reversible and therefore require careful accounting. Carbon accounting technology, which involves land-based accounting and activity based accounting, provides accurate and transparent data on carbon stocks and/or changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sink. These data are required to assess compliance with the commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Moreover, carbon accounting will help determine relevant carbon pools that can be used in the production of an alternative source of fuel, such as biofuels. Changes in carbon stocks can be technically determined with the use of activity data, remote-sensing techniques, models derived from statistical analysis, flux measurement, soil sampling and ecological surveys. However, the cost of carbon accounting increases as precision and landscape heterogeneit y increases, (IPCC, 2000). As a result of careful carbon accounting, excess carbon can then be captured or sequestered in order to be utilized as fuel source. An example of carbon sequestration technology is the Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle Process or IGCC, which allows for easy sequestration of carbon for long term storage in underground geological formations. However, the Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated), cautions that further research is needed to test the viability of large scale underground storage of carbon in a long term scale. 2. Biofuel Technology Biofuel production or biomass gasification ensures lower greenhouse gas emission levels by converting waste wood and biomass into biofuels that could replace fossil fuels. The report of the Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated, p. 4), maintains that agricultural lands can be planted with carbon-dioxide fixing trees that can be used for fuel production. This will result to land use changes that may have multiple indirect benefits such as improvement of soil, air and water quality; and increase in wildlife habitat. However, study findings suggest that the cultivation of corn and soybeans for biofuel production produces adverse environmental impacts, such as the leaching of pesticides and nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers into water resources, (Manuel, 2007). Moreover, biofuels are from two to four times more expensive than fossil fuels and are not believed to compete well in the marketplace. For example, â€Å"a fuel –cost comparison indicates that while gasoline could be refined for 15 to 16 cents per liter (in the late 1980s), the cost of biofuels ranged from an average of about 30 cents per liter (for methanol derived from biomass) to 63 cents per liter (for ethanol derived from beets in the United Kingdom)†, (Barbier et al. 1991, p. 142; cited in Johansen, 2002, p. 266). Electricity Sector Technology According to the Pew Center on Global Climate Change Report (Undated), power plants and coal combustion that supply electric power account for the greenhouse gas emissions on the electricity sector. Technological solutions available for this sector to address global warming include: 1. Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle Process The Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle Process or IGCC, is a power generation technology that improves the efficiency of electric power and heat generation with the use of a combination of fossil fuels and renewable energy. It enables clean gas production and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions with the use of high performance gas turbines, (Abela, et al., 2007). Moreover, air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulphur, nitrogen and mercury are removed from the gasified coal before combustion, (Abela, et al., 2007). However, the major disadvantage of using this technology is its high cost of operation, which is about 20% more than the operating cost of a traditional coal plant, (Wikipedia, undated). 2. Renewable Energy Sources Renewable energy sources such as the wind, solar and water can produce electricity without releasing greenhouse gases and are thus important in the amelioration of global warming. a. Wind Power Wind power technology harnesses the power of the wind which is an indirect form of solar power, to supply energy. Some have propeller type devices, while others have vertical axis designs, which possess the ability to accept wind from any direction. According to Elliott (2003), wind power is already an essential source of energy; and that in 2002, the total generating capacity has reached 24,000 megawatts, with costs decreasing significantly with technology development. However, this technology often has large space requirements, due to the need of the wind turbines to be grouped together in wind farms, in order to facilitate sharing of connections to the power grid. Moreover, there should be a separation of about 5 to 15 blade diameters between individual wind turbines, in order to â€Å"prevent turbulent interactions in wind farm arrays† , (Elliott, 2003, p. 135). b. Solar Power Radiant energy can be captured and utilized to generate electricity which may be used to operate solar batteries or may be transmitted along normal transmission lines. Radiant energy is collected in a photovoltaic cell, which is a bimetallic unit that allows direct conversion of sunlight to electricity. The only drawback of utilizing photovoltaic cells is its high cost. However, recent â€Å"developments in the semiconductor industry have significantly brought down prices†, (Elliott, 2003, p.132). Electric power generation has also been accomplished with the use of big solar heat-concentrating mirrors and parabolic troughs and dishes that track the sun across the sky and focus its rays so as to raise steam, (Elliott, 2003, p130), and consequently produce electricity. One major disadvantage of using solar power technology is that it works only during the day and requires electrical storage mechanisms at night. Additionally, radiant heat is insufficient in cold regions and in ar eas with extensive cloudy periods, resulting in low amount of energy collection. c. Water Power Hydropower is the world’s biggest renewable source of energy. It is deemed as one of the most acceptable and cleanest technologies whereby a unit of water produces hydropower cumulatively by passing through the turbines of many dams along the descent of a river†, (Gibbons, 1986, p. 86). According to Elliott (2003, p. 151), â€Å"there is around 650 GW of installed capacity in place, mostly in 300 large projects. However, in recent years, there have been social and environmental concerns about large hydros, and some new projects have met with opposition†. Its adverse environmental impacts include the destruction of large areas of natural vegetation and agricultural land for water storage; biodiversity loss, flooding and displacement of population, (Elliott, 2003). 3. Geothermal Power Geothermal power is not considered a renewable resource when used at rates of extraction greater than their natural replenishment. With sustainable use, however, geothermal power can be effectively harnessed to provide electricity. Geothermal energy comes from the heat of the earth and can be categorized into geopressured, magma, hydrothermal and hot dry rock, (Wright, 2002, p. 362). According to Hobbs (1995, cited in Wright, 2002, p. 362), commercial operations are mostly in the form of hydrothermal systems â€Å"where wells are about 2000 metres deep with reservoir temperatures of 180 to 270 °C.† Although geothermal systems produce less than 0.2 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by coal or oil-fired plant, they also emit non-condensable gases such as small quantities of sulphur dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen and hydrogen. Additionally, such systems cause induced seismicity and ground subsidence. They are also capital-intensive investments that require f inancial and technical assistance, (Wright, 2002, p. 362). Transport System Technology The transportation sector has one of the highest greenhouse gas emissions rate, after land use and forestry, electricity and agriculture sectors. The Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated), recommends the use of â€Å"off the shell† technologies that are currently available in the market, which significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions of conventional cars and trucks. These â€Å"off the shell† technologies focus on increasing energy efficiency, fuel blending and the use of advanced diesels and hybrids. Additionally, long term technological options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are now gradually being developed which include the use of biofuels, electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells. a. Fuel Blending Fuel blending involves the mixing of ethanol and other biofuels with gasoline to produce more-environment friendly fuels. The Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated, p. 4), asserts that corn-based ethanol can reduce greenhouse emissions to at least 30% â€Å"for each gallon of regular gasoline that it replaces†. b. Diesels and Hybrids Diesel and hybrid engines offer excellent fuel economy and overall fuel efficiency. However, they also emit air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulates. Newer diesel engine models, however, use very sophisticated fuel-injection systems, which result in vehicles that have better acceleration with reduced emissions, vibration, and noise†, (Doyle, 2000, p. 383). Moreover, because diesels and hybrids afford excellent fuel economy, they use less gas on a per mile basis, thereby producing less greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional cars and trucks. â€Å"When both technologies are combined in a diesel hybrid vehicle, it can yield a 65-percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per mile†, (Green and Schafer, 2003; cited in The Pew Center on Global Climate Change Undated, p.6). c. Biofuels As previously mentioned, biofuels offer cleaner emissions than regular gasoline. Agricultural and forest products can be processed to produce ethanol that may be combined with gasoline and enable significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Corn-based, cellulosic and sugar-cane-based ethanols have been proven to significantly reduce emissions, (The Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Undated). d. Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles offer cleaner emissions by reducing the amount of pollutant and greenhouse gas release in the air. They release â€Å"30 percent less hydrocarbons and 15 percent less nitrogen oxides† than conventional vehicles, (Doyle, 2000, p. 289). In the past, electric cars needed advances in battery storage. Thus, the â€Å"plug-in† hybrid was developed in order to solve the battery storage problem. The â€Å"plug-in† hybrid â€Å"is a gas- electric vehicle that can be charged at home overnight†, (The Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Undated). e. Hydrogen Fuel Cells Hydrogen fuel cells â€Å"produce power by combining oxygen with hydrogen to create water†, (The Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Undated, p.6). Hydrogen is obtained from natural gas by reforming and is combined with oxygen that is readily available in the air, which generates electricity continuously. The fuel cells replace combustion turbines in integrated cycles, resulting in increased fuel efficiency of 46-55 percent. However, there is a need to find ways to produce hydrogen with minimal emissions, (The Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Undated). Conclusion A careful analysis of the global greenhouse gas emissions by sector is essential in identifying the needed technological solutions to help curb or reduce gas emissions. By focusing the effort to reduce emissions of the higher contributing sectors, the overall efforts to address global warming effects can be effectively channeled. Thus, it is imperative to focus on the available technologies that address the adverse effects of global warming on the following sectors: land use and forestry, electricity, agriculture and transport. In its comprehensive report on technological solutions for climate change amelioration, the Pew Center on Global Climate Change (Undated, p.2), claims that â€Å"there is no single, silver bullet technology that will deliver the reductions in emissions that are needed to protect the climate†. It further recommends the integration of a portfolio of solutions wherein the identification of useful technologies should be based on the analysis of key economic sectors. Moreover, it suggests that policy makers should prioritize the creation of incentives that will release the power of the marketplace in developing solutions. In the final analysis, further research and development of more exact and cost-effective portfolio of technologies that ameliorate global warming effects must be advocated. References: Abela, M., Bonavita, N., Martini, R., 2007. Advanced process control at an integrated gasification combined cycle plant. Available from: http://library.abb.com/GLOBAL/SCOT/scot267.nsf/VerityDisplay/62CF14177B1A39D2852572FB004B4EB3/$File/AC2%20ISAB_ABB.pdf. [Accessed: 11 August 2007]. Baird, S. L., 2006. Climate Change: A Runaway Train? The Human Species Has Reshaped Earths Landscapes on an Ever-Larger and Lasting Scale. The Technology Teacher, 66(4), 14+ Doyle, J. 2000. Taken for a Ride: Detroits Big Three and the Politics of Pollution. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows. Elliott, D., 2003. Energy, Society Environment. New York: Routledge. Gibbons, D. C., 1986. The Economic Value of Water. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. Global Warming. 2004. In the Columbia Encyclopedia (6th Ed.). New York: Columbia University Press Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2000. IPCC Special Report: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. Summary for Policy Makers. Available from: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/spmpdf/srl-e.pdf. [Accessed: 10 August 2007}. Johansen, B. E., 2002. The Global Warming Desk Reference. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Manuel, J., 2007. Battle of the Biofuels. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(2), 92+. The Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Undated. Climate Data: A Sect oral Perspective. Climate Change 101: Understanding and Responding to Global Climate Change. Available from: http://www.pewtrusts.org/pdf/pew_climate_101_techsolutions.pdf. [Accessed: 10 August, 2007]. Wikipedia. Undated. Combined Cycle. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cycle#_note-0. [Accessed: 11 August 2007]. Wright, R. M., 2002. Energy and Sustainable Development. In Natural Resource Management for Sustainable Development in the Caribbean, Goodbody, I. Thomas-Hope, E. (Eds.) (pp. 307-385). Barbados: Canoe Press.

Salmonella Typhi (typhoid Fever) :: essays research papers

Salmonella Typhi is a very contagious infection in the intestines that affects the whole body. It is called by a bacteria called Salmonella Typhi that is found in the stools of an infected person. Most people in the United States get typhoid as a result of visiting another country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid is spread when a person eats food or water contaminated by human waste (stool or urine) containing Salmonella Typhi bacteria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever mostly preys upon people from the United States who visit other countries, because in a foreign country food and drink may have been handled by a person who is shedding Salmonella Typhi or if the bacteria gets into the water you use for washing or drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salmomella Typhi hides in beverages, most commonly milk or water. It also hides in food that is usually a foreign delicacy of some sort that has been contaminated by Salmonella Typhi in some way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever usually causes high fever, head ache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, weakness, or inability to think clearly. The symptoms take about two weeks to go away if they don't lead to death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This bacterial pathogen is considered extremely dangerous and is probobly armed. Salmonella   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhi has been on the loose for many years and was cuased a lot of havoc and done a lot of damage over the years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever affects 17 million people worldwide every year, with approximately 600,000 deaths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To protect yourself from typhoid fever, aviod risky food and drinks and get vaccinated aginst typhoid fever, and wash your hands carefully a lot to make sure you have not touched something infected with Salmonella Typhi. Salmonella Typhi (typhoid Fever) :: essays research papers Salmonella Typhi is a very contagious infection in the intestines that affects the whole body. It is called by a bacteria called Salmonella Typhi that is found in the stools of an infected person. Most people in the United States get typhoid as a result of visiting another country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid is spread when a person eats food or water contaminated by human waste (stool or urine) containing Salmonella Typhi bacteria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever mostly preys upon people from the United States who visit other countries, because in a foreign country food and drink may have been handled by a person who is shedding Salmonella Typhi or if the bacteria gets into the water you use for washing or drinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salmomella Typhi hides in beverages, most commonly milk or water. It also hides in food that is usually a foreign delicacy of some sort that has been contaminated by Salmonella Typhi in some way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever usually causes high fever, head ache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, weakness, or inability to think clearly. The symptoms take about two weeks to go away if they don't lead to death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This bacterial pathogen is considered extremely dangerous and is probobly armed. Salmonella   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhi has been on the loose for many years and was cuased a lot of havoc and done a lot of damage over the years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typhoid fever affects 17 million people worldwide every year, with approximately 600,000 deaths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To protect yourself from typhoid fever, aviod risky food and drinks and get vaccinated aginst typhoid fever, and wash your hands carefully a lot to make sure you have not touched something infected with Salmonella Typhi.